Install yfinance

With the Yahoo! Finance market data downloader (yfinance), we can pull historical data on virtually any stock with a single line of code.

You can install yfinance with pip;

pip install yfinance

From there, simply import the library, and pull a .Ticker().

Pull & Prep Data

Let’s do the New York Times Company;

That outputs a yfinance.Ticker object, which holds historical $NYT data accessible with .history(). Setting period=’max’ will return all data;

Prophet expects input data to have 2 columns, ds and y, so let’s just copy the historical dates (hist.index) and adjusted closing prices (hist[‘Close’]) to a new DataFrame.

Forecast with Prophet

…

“Time series forecasting is the use of a model to predict future values based on previously observed values.”

— Wikipeida

In this story, we’ll break down and examine the R API of Prophet, a procedure for forecasting time series data open-sourced by Facebook in February 2017 with v0.6 released in March 2020.

Outline

1. What is Facebook Prophet ?
2. How does Prophet work?
3. How does Prophet work
4. Practice with Prophet

• 4.1 Installation & Imports
• 4.2 Data & Prep
• 4.3 Making a Forecast
• 4.4 Breaking Down a Forecast
• 4.5 Forecast Quality Evaluation

What is Facebook Prophet?

While advancements in data science often increase the infamous “skills…

cv.cuda

OpenCV’s CUDA python module is a lot of fun, but it’s a work in progress.

For starters, we have to load in the video on CPU before passing it (frame-by-frame) to GPU. cv.cuda.imread() has not been built yet.

Step 1 — .upload()

cv.VideoCapture() can be used to load and iterate through video frames on CPU. Let’s read the corn.mp4 file with it;

After .read()ing the 1st image, we’re ready to make a GPU matrix (picture frame) so that image can be .upload()ed to our GPU.

Great! But what about the 2nd image?

Well, you probably noticed .read() output 2 variables, ret…

Outline

• On a Single Image
• On a Series of Images
• On Series of Images in Parallel with Dask Delayed

On a Single Image

First, we need to create GPU space (gpu_frame) to hold an image (as a picture frame holds a picture) before we can upload our image to the GPU.

Step 1: Upload

Next, load the image into memory with CPU (screenshot), and .upload() it to the gpu_frame (frame the image);

Image now in frame, we can start having fun.

Step 2: Have Fun

OpenCV CUDA functions return cv2.cuda_GpuMat (GPU matrices), so each result can be operated on without the user having to re-.upload().

Let’s convert the image…

Step 1 — Install PyCUDA

Install PyCUDA with PIP;

pip install pycuda

If you don’t have pip, get pip.

Step 2 — Set nvcc Path

Nvcc comes preinstalled, but your Nano isn’t exactly told about it.. Use sudo to open your bashrc file;

sudo gedit ~/.bashrc

Add a blank, then these 2 lines (letting your Nano know where CUDA is) to the bottom of the file;

export PATH=${PATH}:/usr/local/cuda/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/usr/local/cuda/lib64

Save, close, then (back in Terminal) source the bashrc file

source ~/.bashrc

You can now check your nvcc version with;

nvcc --version

Step 3 — Test with Code

By using PyCUDA’s SourceModule to create a function (add_them) with CUDA C code, we can simply .get_function() …

Step 1 — Install Selenium with pip

sudo pip install selenium

or

sudo pip3 install selenium

Assuming you have pip on your system, you can install or upgrade Selenium’s Python bindings with one of the above (the latter worked for me). If you don’t have pip, get pip.

Step 2 — Install Chromium Webdriver

sudo apt-get install chromium-chromedriver

To interface with a browser (Chromium in our case), Selenium requires a driver (Chromium Chromedriver in our case).

Step 3 — Simple Test

Paste the following into your favorite editor or python terminal, and if it runs you’re good to go!

Fin

Thanks for reading! Please feel free to respond with any questions.

Continued Reading

Cross validating Prophet with Dask is done the same as cross validating Prophet without Dask, but you pass parallel=’dask’ into the cross_validation() function like;

In this story, we’ll use Prophet to forecast the average distance of a NYC yellow cab trip by day. To quickly judge our model’s performance, we’ll call on Dask to parallelize cross-validation across your system’s CPUs.

Afterwords, we’ll apply this parallelized cross_validation() to perform hyperparameter optimization (HPO) and fine tune that model.

Outline

• The Dataset
• Basic Model (Running a Default Prophet)
• Parallelizing Cross-Validation with Dask
• Hyperparameter Optimization with Dask (Applying Cross-Validation)

The Dataset

Our data runs from January…

Logistic regression is an algorithm used to predict the probability of events, given some other measurements. Logistic Regression is used when the dependent variable (“target”) is categorical.

For example,

• Will the team win (1) or lose (0) this game?
• Are users going to stop using our app (1) or not (0)?

Logistic regression can also be used in non-binary situations, but let’s cover that in a later post and stick to binary logistic regression for now.

How does Logistic Regression work?

Essentially, the logistic regression function takes examples with known classes (e.g. cake (1) or pie (0)), fits a (Sigmoid) line to their distribution, and…